ðåôåðàòû
Ãëàâíàÿ

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ðåêëàìå

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ôèçèêå

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ôèëîñîôèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ôèíàíñàì

Ðåôåðàòû ïî õèìèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî õîçÿéñòâåííîìó ïðàâó

Ðåôåðàòû ïî öèôðîâûì óñòðîéñòâàì

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîìó ïðàâó

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ýêîíîìèêî-ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîìó ìîäåëèðîâàíèþ

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ãåîãðàôèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé òåîðèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ýòèêå

Ðåôåðàòû ïî þðèñïðóäåíöèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ÿçûêîâåäåíèþ

Ðåôåðàòû ïî þðèäè÷åñêèì íàóêàì

Ðåôåðàòû ïî èñòîðèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî êîìïüþòåðíûì íàóêàì

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ìåäèöèíñêèì íàóêàì

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ôèíàíñîâûì íàóêàì

Ðåôåðàòû ïî óïðàâëåí÷åñêèì íàóêàì

Ïñèõîëîãèÿ è ïåäàãîãèêà

Ïðîìûøëåííîñòü ïðîèçâîäñòâî

Áèîëîãèÿ è õèìèÿ

ßçûêîçíàíèå ôèëîëîãèÿ

Èçäàòåëüñêîå äåëî è ïîëèãðàôèÿ

Ðåôåðàòû ïî êðàåâåäåíèþ è ýòíîãðàôèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ðåëèãèè è ìèôîëîãèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ìåäèöèíå

Ðåôåðàòû ïî ñåêñîëîãèè

Ðåôåðàòû ïî èíôîðìàòèêå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèþ

Êðàòêîå ñîäåðæàíèå ïðîèçâåäåíèé

Ðåôåðàò: Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ïðèåìíîãî óñòðîéñòâà

Ðåôåðàò: Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ïðèåìíîãî óñòðîéñòâà

                                                            Ââåäåíèå.

     Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ðàäèîïðè¸ìíîãî óñòðîéñòâà (ÐÏÓ) ëþáîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ íà îñíîâå òåõíè÷åñêîãî çàäàíèÿ, êîòîðîå âûäà¸òñÿ â âèäå òðåáîâàíèé ê òåõíè÷åñêèì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì óñòðîéñòâà. Ïîñëåäíèå ìîãóò áûòü îêîí÷àòåëüíî ñôîðìóëèðîâàíû â ïðîöåññå ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò íàçíà÷åíèÿ ïðè¸ìíèêà, óñëîâèé ýêñïëóàòàöèè è ñîâðåìåííûõ òåõíè÷åñêèõ âîçìîæíîñòåé.

      Òåõíè÷åñêèå òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ñïåöèàëüíûì ÐÏÓ îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ òåõíè÷åñêèìè óñëîâèÿìè, ñîãëàñîâàííûìè ìåæäó çàêàç÷èêîì è ïîñòàâùèêîì.  îáùåì ñëó÷àå â òåõíè÷åñêîì çàäàíèè óêàçûâàþòñÿ:

-îáùèå òðåáîâàíèÿ;

-òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì ïàðàìåòðàì;

-òðåáîâàíèÿ ê êîíñòðóêöèè ÐÏÓ;

-êëèìàòè÷åñêèå òðåáîâàíèÿ;

-òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ìåõàíè÷åñêîé ïðî÷íîñòè;

-òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå òðåáîâàíèÿ;

-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå òðåáîâàíèÿ.

     Íåêîòîðûå èç ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ òðåáîâàíèé ìîãóò ðàçðàáàòûâàþòñÿ èëè óòî÷íÿþòñÿ â ïðîöåññå âûïîëíåíèÿ ïðîåêòà. Ïîýòîìó íèæå íàðÿäó ñ ïåðå÷èñëåíèåì ïàðàìåòðîâ äà¸òñÿ êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà êàæäîãî èç íèõ, ïðèâîäÿòñÿ ñîîáðàæåíèÿ ïî âûáîðó èõ âåëè÷èí è ïðèìåðíàÿ ôîðìóëèðîâêà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî ïóíêòà òåõíè÷åñêîãî çàäàíèÿ.

      Äëÿ ðàäèîñâÿçè â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ î÷åíü øèðîêèé ñïåêòð ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíûõ êîëåáàíèé.  òîì ñëó÷àå, êîãäà ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåòñÿ ðàáîòà íà îäíîé èëè íåñêîëüêèõ ôèêñèðîâàííûõ ÷àñòîòàõ, òî óêàçûâàþòñÿ èõ âåëè÷èíû. Âèä ïðèíèìàåìîãî ñèãíàëà îïðåäåëÿò ðîä ðàáîòû ÐÏÓ è ñïîñîá äåòåêòèðîâàíèÿ. Àìïëèòóäíî-ìîäóëèðîâàííûå ñèãíàëû èñïîëüçóþòñÿ êàê â ðàäèîâåùàíèè, òàê è â ðàäèîñâÿçè.  ðàäèîñâÿçè è ðàäèîòåëåôîíèè èñïîëüçóþò äâóõïîëîñíûå (À3) èëè îäíîïîëîñíûå ðàäèîñèãíàëû ñ ïîëíûì (À3J) èëè ÷àñòè÷íûì (À3À)  ïîäàâëåíèåì íåñóùåé. Àìïëèòóäíàÿ ìîäóëÿöèÿ (ÀÌ) èñïîëüçóåòñÿ è ïðè ïåðåäà÷å ðàäèîòåëåãðàôèè íåçàòóõàþùèìè êîëåáàíèÿìè (À1).  ýòîì ñëó÷àå ðîä ðàáîòû íàçûâàþò àìïëèòóäíîé òåëåãðàôèåé.

      ×óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ÐÏÓ êîëè÷åñòâåííî îöåíèâàåòñÿ íàèìåíüøåé ÝÄÑ ñèãíàëà íà åãî âõîäå, ïðè êîòîðîé íà âûõîäå îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ íîðìàëüíàÿ äëÿ ðàáîòû îêîíå÷íîãî óñòðîéñòâà ìîùíîñòü. Ðåàëüíàÿ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ âåëè÷èíîé ÝÄÑ ñèãíàëà íà âõîäå ïðè¸ìíèêà, ïðè êîòîðîé íà âûõîäå îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ íàïðÿæåíèå ïîëåçíîãî ñèãíàëà, ïðåâûøàþùåå  íàïðÿæåíèå øóìîâ â çàäàííîå ÷èñëî ðàç. Âåëè÷èíà ñèãíàëà íà âûõîäå ïðè¸ìíèêà ñ âíåøíå¸ìêîñòíîé àíòåííîé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùàÿ ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè, èçìåðÿåòñÿ â ýôôåêòèâíûõ çíà÷åíèÿõ íàïðÿæåíèÿ è èìååò ïîðÿäîê îò ñîòåí äî äåñÿòêîâ ìèêðîâîëüò.

      Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü õàðàêòåðèçóåò ñïîñîáíîñòü ÐÏÓ âûäåëèòü ïîëåçíûé ñèãíàë èç ïîìåõ.  çàäàíèè çàðàíåå îãîâàðèâàåòñÿ îñëàáëåíèå çåðêàëüíîé ïîìåõè, ïîìåõè îò ñòàíöèé, áëèçêîé ïî ÷àñòîòå. Îñëàáëåíèå çåðêàëüíîé ïîìåõè çàâèñèò îò äîáðîòíîñòè êîíòóðîâ òðàêòà ðàäèî÷àñòîòû, à îñëàáëåíèå ïîìåõ îò ñîñåäíèõ ñòàíöèé îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ â îñíîâíîì êîíòóðàìè òðàêòà ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû.

      Íåïðåðûâíûå ÀÌÑ íàèáîëüøåå ïðèìåíåíèå íàøëè â ñèñòåìàõ ñâÿçè, ðàäèîóïðàâëåíèÿ, ðàäèîíàâèãàöèè è ðàäèîòåëåìåòðèè.

      Â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ðåæèìà ðàáîòû ðàäèîëèíèè ñ ÀÌÑ ðàçäåëÿþò íà äâå ãðóïïû: îäíîêàíàëüíûå è ìíîãîêàíàëüíûå.

 

      îäíîêàíàëüíûõ ëèíèÿõ ìîäóëèðóþùèì ñèãíàëîì â ïåðåäàò÷èêå ÿâëÿåòñÿ íèçêî÷àñòîòíîå íàïðÿæåíèå ñ äèàïàçîíîì ìîäóëèðóþùèõ ÷àñòîò îò F­ìèí ­ äî F­ìàêñ­  èëè ñ ôèêñèðîâàííîé ÷àñòîòîé. Îíî íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ìîäóëèðóåò ñèãíàë ñ íåñóùåé ÷àñòîòîé f­ñ­.

       ìíîãîêàíàëüíûõ ëèíèÿõ ìîäóëèðóþùèé ñèãíàë ñîñòîèò èç íåñêîëüêèõ ðàçëè÷íûõ íèçêî÷àñòîòíûõ íàïðÿæåíèÿõ, êîòîðûìè âíà÷àëå ìîäóëèðóþòñÿ ñèãíàëû ñ ïîäíåñóùèìè ÷àñòîòàìè f­ïi­ , îòñòîÿùèìè äðóã îò äðóãà íà èíòåðâàë ÷àñòîò f­ï­. Çàòåì ýòè ñèãíàëû ñ ìîäóëèðîâàííûìè ïîäíåñóùèìè ñêëàäûâàþòñÿ è îáðàçóþò ðåçóëüòàòèðóþùèé ñèãíàë, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðîãî ìîäóëèðóåòñÿ ïåðåäàâàåìûé ñèãíàë ñ íåñóùåé ÷àñòîòîé f­ñ­.

      Ïðè âûáîðå ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû ðóêîâîäñòâóþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèìè óñëîâèÿìè:

-áûòü âíå äèàïàçîíà ðàáî÷èõ ÷àñòîò:

-îáåñïå÷èâàòü çàäàííîå îñëàáëåíèå çåðêàëüíîãî êàíàëà;

-îáåñïå÷èâàòü íåîáõîäèìóþ ïîëîñó ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðè¸ìíèêà;

-áûòü ïî âîçìîæíîñòè ìåíüøåé, ÷òîáû îáåñïå÷èâàòü íåîáõîäèìîå óñèëåíèå ïðè¸ìíèêà ïðè íàèáîëåå ïðîñòûõ è äåø¸âûõ ýëåêòðîííûõ ïðèáîðîâ è èçáèðàòåëüíûõ ñèñòåìàõ, à òàêæå íàèìåíüøèé êîýôôèöèåíò øóìà  ïåðâîãî êàñêàäà ÓÏ×.

     Ïðè ðàñ÷¸òå âõîäíîé öåïè ðåøàþòñÿ ñëåäóþùèå çàäà÷è:

-âûáîð ñõåìû ñâÿçè èçáèðàòåëüíîé ñèñòåìû ñî âõîäîì ýëåêòðîííîãî ïðèáîðà ïåðâîãî êàñêàäà ïðè¸ìíèêà;

-ðàñ÷¸ò êîýôôèöèåíòà ñâÿçè ïåðâîãî êîíòóðà èçáèðàòåëüíîé ñèñòåìû ñ àíòåííû;

-ðàñ÷¸ò êîýôôèöèåíòà ñâÿçè ïîñëåäíåãî êîíòóðà èçáèðàòåëüíîé ñèñòåìû;

-ðàñ÷¸ò ýëåìåíòîâ êîíòóðîâ èçáèðàòåëüíîé ñèñòåìû;

-âû÷èñëåíèå êîýôôèöèåíòà ïåðåäà÷è, êîýôôèöèåíòà øóì.

     Èñõîäíûå äàííûå äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ÓÏ× ïîëó÷àþò èç ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî ðàñ÷¸òà ïðè¸ìíèêà:

-íîìèíàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû;

-òèï ñõåìû óñèëèòåëÿ;

-îðèåíòèðîâî÷íîå ÷èñëî êàñêàäîâ;

-òðåáóåìîå ýêâèâàëåíòíîå çàòóõàíèå êîíòóðîâ dýï­ óñèëèòåëÿ è ñîáñòâåííîå çàòóõàíèå êîíòóðîâ d­0ï­.

-òèïû ýëåêòðîííûõ ïðèáîðîâ, èñïîëüçóåìûõ â óñèëèòåëå, è èõ ïàðàìåòû.

      Äëÿ ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ ÷àñòîòû â êà÷åñòâå èñõîäíûõ äàííûõ èñïîëüçóþò:

-÷àñòîòà ñèãíàëà;

-÷àñòîòà ãåòåðîäèíà;

-ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ ÷àñòîòà;

-ìàêñèìàëüíîå íàïðÿæåíèå íà âûõîäå ñõåìû ãåòåðîäèíà;

     â äàííîì êóðñîâîì ïðîåêòå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ òðàíçèñòîðíûé ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü ÷àñòîòû ïî ñõåìå ñ îáùèì ýìèòòåðîì. Òàêèå ñõåìû ïîçâîëÿþò ïîëó÷èòü íàèáîëüøèé êîýôôèöèåíò ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ è íàèáîëüøåå âõîäíîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå. Ñâÿçü ñìåñèòåëüíîãî òðàíçèñòîðà ñ ãåòåðîäèíîì â áîëüøåíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ êàòóøêè ñâÿçè, âêëþ÷àåìîé â ýìèòòåðíóþ öåïü

ñìåñèòåëÿ. Òàêàÿ ñõåìà îáåñïå÷èâàåò íàèìåíüøóþ íàãðóçêó ãåòåðîäèíà.

     Äàííûé ïðè¸ìíèê ìîæíî øèðîêî èñïîëüçîâàòü â âîéñêàõ, íà áîðòà âîåííûõ è ãðàæäàíñêèõ ñàìîëåòàõ, â îòðÿäàõ Ì×Ñ è ò.ä.

Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé ðàñ÷¸ò.


                                              1.Âûáîð è ðàñ÷¸ò áëîê-ñõåìû ïðè¸ìíèêà.

        Ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ðàäèîïðè¸ìíèêîâ  âûáåðåì ñóïåðãåòåðîäèííóþ  

   áëîê-ñõåìó ïðè¸ìíèêà.

 

                                            2.Ðàñ÷¸ò ïîëîñû ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðè¸ìíèêà.

       Îïðåäåëèì øèðèíó ñïåêòðà:

   -òåëåôîííîãî ñèãíàëà Df­ñï.òëô­=2Fâ=2*3500=7êÃö;

   -òåëåãðàôíîãî ñèãíàëà ïðè òîíàëüíîé ìîäóëÿöèè Df­ñï.òëã­­=Ãö.

   -òåëåãðàôíîãî ñèãíàëà áåç òîíàëüíîé ìîäóëÿöèè Df­ñï.òëã­­=Ãö.

       Ñ ó÷¸òîì èñõîäíûõ äàííûõ ïðèìåì  çíà÷åíèå îòíîñèòåëüíîé íåñòàáèëüíîñòè íåñóùåé    

   ÷àñòîòû ñèãíàëà  b­í­= b­ïð =0 è ÷òî ãåòåðîäèí ïðè¸ìíèêà áóäåò ñ êâàðöåâîé ñòàáèëèçàöèåé  

   ïðèìåì, ÷òî b­ ã­= 2*10-5­. ­ Òîãäà:

. Òîãäà ïîëîñà  

   ïðîïóñêàíè¸ ïðè¸ìíèêà äëÿ ïðè¸ìà:

   -òåëåôîííûõ ñèãíàëîâ Df­ï ­òëô­=Df­ñï ­òëô­+Dfíåñò­=7+0,125=7,125 êÃö;

   -òåëåãðàôíûõ ñèãíàëîâ ñ òîíàëüíîé ìîäóëÿöèåé: Df­ï ­òëã­=Df­ñï ­òëã­+Df­íåñò­=2040+0,125=2,165 êÃö;

   -­òåëåãðàôíûõ ñèãíàëîâ áåç òîíàëüíîé ìîäóëÿöèè: Df­ï ­òëã­=Df­ñï ­òëã­+Df­íåñò­=54+125=179 Ãö.

                                                 3.Ðàñ÷¸ò âûõîäíîãî êàñêàäà.

        Íîðìàëüíàÿ âûõîäíàÿ ìîùíîñòü ïð¸ìíèêà ïðè ñðåäíåì êîýôôèöèåíòå ìîäóëÿöèè m=0.3 íà  îñíîâàíèè èñõîäíûõ äàííûõ:

                                                

         Ïðèíèìàåì òðàíñôîðìàòîðíóþ ñõåìó  ­âûõîäíîãî êàñêàäà  ñ h­òð­=0,75 âû÷èñëèì íîìèíàëü-

   íóþ âûõîäíóþ ìîùíîñòü, êîòîðóþ äîëæåí îáåñïå÷èòü òðàíçèñòîð:

.    . Òàêóþ ìîùíîñòü ìîãóò  îáåñïå÷èòü îäíîòàêòíûå  

   êàñêàäû ïî ñõåìå ñ ÎÝ â ðåæèìå  êëàññà À ñ òðàíçèñòîðàìè òèïà Ï15. Âûáåðåì íà âûõîäíîé  

   õàðàêòåðèñòèêå òðàíçèñòîðà âûáåðåì ðàáî÷óþ òî÷êó À ïðè I­ê­=23 ìÀ è U­êý­=-5 è ïðîâåäåì 

   ÷åðåç íå¸ íàãðóçî÷íóþ ëèíèþ ÁÂ. Èç òðåóãîëüíèêà Áàîïðåäåëÿåì íàãðóçî÷íîå  

   ñîïðîòèâëåíèå R­À­=125 Îì. Èç òðåóãîëü­íèêà Áàâû÷èñëèì îòäàâàåìóþ ìîùíîñòü                         

   P­âûõ ë­ =0.5*0.02*2.5=25 ìÀ. Ïîäáèðàåì ïî âõîäíîé õàðàê­òåðèñòèêå  òàêóþ àìïëèòóäó, ïðè 

   êîòîðîé àìïëèòóäà êîëëåêòîðíîãî òîêà I­min­ , íåîáõîäèìîé äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ òðåáóåìîé 

   íîìèíàëüíîé ìîùíîñòè. Îíà îêàçûâàåòñÿ ðàâíîé 0,06Â. Çàòåì íàõîäèì çíà÷åíèÿ ïÿòè  

  îðäèíàò êîëëåêòîðíîãî òîêà: I­1­=48 mA, I­2­=33 mA,       I­3­=23 mA, I­4­=14 mA,  I­5­= 9 mA.  

  Ïîäñòàâèì  ïîëó÷åííûå çíà÷åíèÿ âû÷èñëèì àìïëèòóäû ãàðìîíèê êîëëåêòîðíîãî òîêà:

                         

                         ;

                        ;

                 .Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî 

    êîýôôèöèåíò ãàðìîíèê âûõîäíîãî êàñêàäà áóäåò ðàâåí:

     .

          Ïîëó÷åííàÿ âåëè÷èíà ìåíüøå äîïóñòèìîé äëÿ ïðè¸ìíèêà, ïîýòîìó âûáðàííûé òèï 

   òðàíçèñòîðà ïðè­ãîäåí äëÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ â âûõîäíîì êàñêàäà. Àìïëèòóäó âõîäíîãî 

   íàïðÿæåíèå ïðè íîðìàëüíîì êî­ýôôèöèåíòå ìîäóëÿöèè âû÷èñëèì ïî ôîðìóëå:                                  

                                             U­mâõ­=0,3U­mí­=0,3*0,06=0,018Â. 

           Äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ âõîäíîãî ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ êàñêàäà ïðîâîäèì êàñàòåëüíóþ êî âõîäíîé      

   õàðàêòåðèñòèêå â ðàáî÷åé òî÷êå À. Îíà îòñåêàåò ïî àáñöèññ â ìàñøòàáå íàïðÿæåíèÿ âåëè÷èíó

   0,35-0,21=0,14Â, à ïî îñè îðäèíàò â ìàñøòàáå òîêà 1,0-0,0=1,0 ìÀ.

   Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ ïîëó÷åííûå âåëè÷èíû ðàññ÷èòàåì R­âõ ­ÎÊ­: .

                                                      4.Âûáîð òèïà è ðåæèìà ðàáîòû äåòåêòîðà.

          Êîýôôèöèåíò ãàðìîíèê äåòåêòîðà íå áîëüøå:

                               .                

          Ò.ê. äîïóñòèìàÿ âåëè÷èíà k­ãä­ ïîëó÷èëàñü ñðàâíèòåëüíî ìàëîé, òî âûáåðåì äèîäíûé         

  (ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûé) äåòåêòîð â ëèíåéíîì ðåæèìå, äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ êîòîðîãî íà åãî âõîä  

  íåîáõîäèìî ïîäâîäèòü àìïëèòóäó íåñóùåé íàïðÿæåíèÿ ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû U­mïð­³1,0Â.

         Ïðè ïðè¸ìå òåëåôîííûõ ñèãíàëîâ ýôôåêòèâíàÿ ïîëîñà ïðîïóñêàíèÿ íèçêî÷àñòîòíîãî   

  òðàêòà äîëæíà áûòü DF­ï ­ýô òëô­=1,1(F­â­- F­í)=1,1(3500-3200)=300Ãö..

         Ïîëàãàÿ ïîëîñó ïðîïóñêàíèÿ Í× òðàêòà ïðè ïðè¸ìíèêà ðàâíîé 0.5Df­ñï­, äëÿ ïðè¸ìà    

  òåëåãðàôíûõ ñèãíàëîâ:

  -ñ òîíàëüíîé ìîäóëÿöèåé ïîëó÷èì:DF­ïýôòëã­»1,1Df­ñï­­òëã­/2=1,1*0,5*2040=1125Ãö;

  -áåç òîíàëüíîé ìîäóëÿöèè ïîëó÷èì: DF­ïýôòëã­»1,1Df­ñï­­òëã­/2=1,1*0,5*54=30Ãö .

        Ò.ê. íåîáõîäèìûå ïîëîñû ïðîïóñêàíèÿ âûñîêî÷àñòîòíîé ÷àñòè ïðè¸ìíèêà äëÿ òåëåôîííûõ è òåëåãðàôíûõ ñèãíàëîâ ìàëî îòëè÷àþòñÿ äðóã îò äðóãà, òî öåëåñîîáðàçíî îòêàçàòüñÿ îò      

ðåãóëèðîâêè  ïîëîñû â óñèëèòåëå ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû.

           Ýôôôåêòèâíóþ ïîëîñó ïðîïóñêàíèÿ Â× òðàêòà âû÷èñëÿåì ïî ôîðìóëå:                                      

                                                  Df­ï ýô­=1,1Df­ï òëô­=7125= 7,85 êÃö.

        Íåîáõîäèìîå îòíîøåíèå ñèãíàë/øóì íà âõîäå ïðè¸ìíèêà ðàññ÷èòûâàåì ïî óðàâíåíèþ:

               

  

                        5.Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé âûáîð òèïà è ñõåìû ïåðâûõ êàñêàäîâ

                                    äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ çàäàííîé ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòè.

   ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ èñõîäíûìè äàííûìè ðàñ÷¸ò áóäåì âåñòè ïî ñîáñòâåííûì øóìàì ïðè¸ìíèêà.   

 Ïîëàãàÿ, ÷òî Å­ï­=0, âû÷èñëèì äîïóñòèìûé êîýôôèöèåíò øóìà ïðè¸ìíèêà â òåëåôîííîì ðåæèìå:

                    .

        Íà äàííîé ðàáî÷åé ÷àñòîòå äîïóñòèìûé êîýôôèöèåíò øóìà îáåñïå÷èì íà îäíîì êàñêàäå ÓÂ× è ñìåñèòåëå ïî ñõåìå ñ ÎÝ íà òðàíçèñòîðå òèïà ÃÒ310À. Íàïðÿæåíèå íà êîëëåêòîðå áóäåì ïîëàãàòü ðàâíûì U­ê­=5 è I­ê­=1ìÀ.   êàñêàäàõ ÓÏ× áóäåì òîæå èñïîëüçîâàòü òðàíçèñòîð òèïà ÃÒ310À.ýòè òðàíçèñòîðû ãåðìàíèåâûå ñïëàâíî-äèôôóçèîííûå p-n-p. Ïðåäíàçíà÷åíû äëÿ ðàáîòû â ÓÏ× ïðè¸ìíèêîâ, à òàêæå äëÿ ÓÂ× êîðîòêîâîëíîâûõ ïðè¸ìíèêîâ. Ðàññ÷èòàåì êîýôôèöèåíòû øóìà ÓÂ×, ÓÏ× è Ï×:

N­óï÷=2Nò­=9,5*2=19=N­óâ÷­, N­ï÷­=4N­ò­=4*9,5=38, ãäå. N­ò­=9,5-êîýôôèöèåíò øóìà òðàíçèñòîðà.

        Îïðåäåëèì êîýôôèöèåíòû óñèëåíèÿ ïî ìîùíîñòè íà ðàáî÷åé ÷àñòîòå:

(â ðåæèìå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ).

       Ïîëîæèì êîýôôèöèåíò ñâÿçè ñ àíòåííîé ê=0,5ê­îïò­, òîãäà:

 Âû÷èñëèì âîçìîæíûé êîýôôèöèåíò øóìà ïðè¸ìíèêà:

              6.Âûáîð ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû, îïòèìàëüíîãî âàðèàíòà èçáèðàòåëüíûõ ñèñòåì è           

                         áëîê-ñõåìû ïðåñåëåêòîðà, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèõ çàäàííóþ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü.

   Íà ïðàêòèêå íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àþòñÿ äâà ñëó÷àÿ:

-ïîëîñà ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðåñåëåêòîðà Df­ï.ïðåñ­ øèðå íåîáõîäèìîé ïîëîñû ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðè¸ìíèêà:              

                                                                      Df­ï.ïðåñ ³3Df­ï;

-ïîëîñà ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðåñåëåêòîðà Df­ï.ïðåñ  ñðàâíèìà ñ ïîëîñîé ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðè¸ìíèêà:

                                                                      Df­ï.ïðåñ­<3Df­ï;.

  Ïîëîñà ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðåñåëåêòîðà îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ èçáèðàòåëüíûìè ñèñòåìàìè âõîäíîé öåïè è êàñêàäîâ ÓÐ×.  ïðè¸ìíèêàõ êîðîòêèõ âîëí èçáèðàòåëüíûå ñèñòåìû âõîäíîé öåïè è êàñêàäîâ èäåíòè÷íû. Äëÿ òàêèõ ïðè¸ìíèêîâ ìèíèìàëüíóþ ïîëîñó ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðåñåëåêòîðà âû÷èñëÿþò ïî ôîðìóëå ïðèíÿâ çíà÷åíèè ïàðàìåòðà q­ñ­=2,5. Áóäåì ñ÷èòàòü ñîáñòâåííîå çàòóõàíèå ýòèõ êîíòóðîâ ðàâíûì d­î­=0,02.

Âû÷èñëèì ïîëîñó ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðåñåëåêòîðà ïî ôîðìóëå , ñ÷èòàÿ, ÷òî â ïðåñåëåêòîðå ó íàñ áóäåò îäíîêîíòóðíàÿ âõîäíàÿ öåïü è äâóõêàñêàäíûé ÓÐ×, çàìåíÿÿ y(m) íà j(à), ïðè à=2: ,

 ãäå d­ýñ­=q­ñ­d­î­=0,5, j(à)=2.

   Ò.ê. íåðàâåíñòâî Df­ï ïðåñ ­³ 3Df­ï­ âûïîëíÿåòñÿ ïðèìåì Df­ïð­=Df­ï òëô­­=7,85 êÃö. Âû÷èñëèì íåîáõîäèìûé êîýôôèöèåíò ïðÿìîóãîëüíîñòè ðåçîíàíñíîé êðèâîé òðàêòà ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû íà óðîâíå îñëàáëåíèÿ ñîñåäíåãî êàíàëà ïî ôîðìóëå: Ê­nd­­c­=K­n1000­=.

Äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ íåîáõîäèìîãî êîýôôèöèåíòà ïðÿìîóãîëüíîñòè ðåçîíàíñíîé êðèâîé òðàêòà ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû íà óðîâíå îñëàáëåíèÿ ñîñåäíåãî êàíàëà ïðèìåíèì ÷åòûðå ïàðû ñâÿçàííûõ êîíòóðîâ ïðè ïðåäåëüíîé ñâÿçè, ëèáî ÔÑÑ ïðè îäíîì êîíòóðå. Ñ÷èòàÿ  ñîáñòâåííîå çàòóõàíèå êîíòóðîâ ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû d­0ï­=0,01 è çíà÷åíèå ïàðàìåòðà q­ï­=1,5 äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ íåîáõîäèìîé ïîëîñû ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ïðîìåæóòî÷íàÿ ÷àñòîòà äîëæíà óäîâëåòâîðÿòü íåðàâåíñòâó:. Âûáåðåì f­ïð­=500 êÃö.                                 

                     7.Âûáîð òðàíçèñòîðîâ è ÷èñëà êàñêàäîâ òðàêòà ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû

                                          äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ íåîáõîäèìîãî óñèëåíèÿ.

          Âû÷èñëèì êîýôôèöèåíò óñòîé÷èâîãî óñèëåíèÿ òðàíçèñòîðà ÃÒ310À, ïðèíÿòîãî ê èñïîëüçîâàíèþ â ÓÂ× ïî ôîðìóëå: . Òîãäà êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ ïðåñåëåêòîðà áóäåò ðàâåí: Ê­0 ìàêñ­=Ê­ÂÖ­Ê­0 óñò­=0,8*28=22. Íåîáõîäèìûé êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ â òðàêòå ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû âû÷èñëèì ïî ôîðìóëå, ïðèíÿâ ê­ç­=2:

=60,2äÁ.

Âûáèðàåì äëÿ êàñêàäîâ ÓÏ× òðàíçèñòîðû òèïà ÃÒ301À. Ðåæèì ðàáîòû ïðèíèìàåì U­ê­=5 è I­ê­=1ìÀ. Ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè óçêîïîëîñíûõ óñèëèòåëåé, à â ðàññìàòðèâàåìîì ñëó÷àå îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ïîëîñà ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò ëèøü 7,125/465=0,015, êàê ïðàâèëî, ìàêñèìàëüíî âîçìîæíîå óñèëåíèå êàñêàäîâ îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ âåëè÷èíîé êîýôôèöèåíòà óñòîé÷èâîãî óñèëåíèÿ. Ïîýòîìó ðàñ÷¸ò áóäåì âåñòè íà êîýôôèöèåíò óñòîé÷èâîãî óñèëåíèÿ êàñêàäà:

18,67. Ïîäñòàâëÿÿ ïîëó÷åííûå âåëè÷èíû âû÷èñëèì âîçìîæíûé êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ òðàêòà ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû ïðè òð¸õ êàñêàäàõ:

, ÷òî áîëüøå òðåáóåìîãî Ê­0 ïð­.

                                                8.Ïðîâåðêà îñóùåñòâèìîñòè ÀÐÓ.    

      Äëÿ òðàíçèñòîðíûõ ïðè¸ìíèêîâ ñòåïåíü èçìåíåíèÿ êîýôôèöèåíòà óñèëåíèÿ îäíîãî êàñêàäà ïîä äåéñòâèåì ñèñòåìû ÀÐÓ: . Âûáèðàåì Ë­1­=8. Îïðåäåëèì òðåáóåìîå óñèëåíèå ïðè¸ìíèêà ïîä äåéñòâèåì ñèñòåìû ÀÐÓ: Ë­ò­=a/b =1000/2,5=400. Ñ÷èòàÿ, ÷òî âñå óïðàâëÿåìûå êàñêàäû èäåíòè÷íû, îïðåäåëèì ÷èñëî ðåãóëèðóåìûõ êàñêàäîâ:

  ÀÐÓ

 
. Áóäåì ðåãóëèðîâàòü ïåðâûå òðè êàñêàäà ÓÏ×. Íà ýòîì ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé ðàñ÷¸ò çàêàí÷èâàåì. Áëîê-ñõåìà ïðè¸ìíèêà áóäåò âûãëÿäåòü ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:

 Ä

 

ÓÏ×       Ê      Ê     Ê      

 

Ï×   1Ê   

 

ÓÐ×     Ê    Ê

 

ÂÖ

 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

                            ïðåñåëåêòîð                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   ê  ÓÍ×                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

                                           Ðèñ1.Áëîê-ñõåìà ñóïåðãåòåðîäèííîãî ïðè¸ìíèêà.

 

 

     Ðàñ÷¸ò êàñêàäîâ ñóïåðãåòåðîäèííîãî ïð¸ìíèêà Ê äèàïàçîíà.                                   

                                             1.Ðàñ÷¸ò óñèëèòåëÿ âûñîêîé ÷àñòîòû.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

       

                                                                                 L                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

                                         VT1                                                                                                                                                                     Ñ2                                                                                                                                                                            L­ê             L­ñâ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Ñ­­3                                                              

                              R3

                             

               R2         C1         R1                                                                                                                                                                                                     R­­4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Åê                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

                               

      Ðèñ 2.  Ñõåìà òðàíçèñòîðíîãî ÓÐ×.

  Áóäåì ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî ïîëàãàòü ïîëíîå âêëþ÷åíèå êîíòóðà â öåïü êîëëåêòîðà (ð1=1) è íåïîëíîå êî âõîäó ñëåäóþùåãî êàñêàäà ñ ð­2­»0,15. Ïðèìåì ñîáñòâåííóþ ¸ìêîñòü êàòóøêè Ñ­L­=3ïÔ; ñðåäíþþ ¸ìêîñòü ïîäñòðîå÷íîãî êîíäåíñàòîðà Ñ­ï­=10ïÔ;¸ìêîñòü ìîíòàæà Ñ­ì­=10ïÔ ñîñòîÿùåé ¸ìêîñòè ìîíòàæà â öåïè êîëëåêòîðà Ñ­ì1­=5ïÔ è â öåïè áàçû Ñ­ì2­=5ïÔ; ìèíèìàëüíóþ ¸ìêîñòü  êîíòóðíîãî êîíäåíñàòîðà Ñ­ìèí­=7ïÔ. ¨ìêîñòü êîíòóðà áåç ó÷¸òà ïåðåìåííîé ¸ìêîñòè áóäåò ðàâíà: Ñ­S­=Ñ­ï­+Ñ­L­+­­ð­1­2­(Ñ­ì1­+Ñ­22­)+ð­2­2 (Ñ­ì2­+Ñ­11)=10+3+(5+10)+0,152(5+50)»29 ïÔ.

Ìèíèìàëüíàÿ èíäóêòèâíîñòü L­min­= (0.2..0.3) ìêÃí

Âû÷èñëèì ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ öåïè ïèòàíèÿ òðàíçèñòîðà, ïîëàãàÿ ÷òî:

 -äîïóñòèìîå ïàäåíèå íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà ñîïðîòèâëåíèè ôèëüòðà êîëëåêòîðíîé öåïè DU­RÔ­=1Â;

 -òðåáóåìûé  êîýôôèöèåíò ñòàáèëüíîñòè êîëëåêòîðíîãî òîêà g=1,5¸3;

 -èíòåðâàë òåìïåðàòóð â ãðàäóñàõ Öåëüñèÿ, â ïðåäåëàõ êîòîðîãî äîëæíà îáåñïå÷èâàòüñÿ òåìïå-

ðàòóðíàÿ êîìïåíñàöèÿ êîëëåêòîðíîãî òîêà  DÒ=80°Ñ.

 Òîãäà:. Âûáåðåì R-1=510Îì.

. Âûáåðåì R­3­=6,2 êÎì.

.

                                                                                                                            Âûáåðåì R­2­=620 Îì.

    Øóíòèðóþùóþ ¸ìêîñòü Ñ­1­, ïðåäîòâðàùàþùóþ îáðàçîâàíèå îòðèöàòåëüíîé îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè âû÷èñëèì ïî ôîðìóëå: . Âûáåðåì Ñ­1­=20íÔ.

Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ôèëüòðà âû÷èñëèì ïî ôîðìóëå:

                 . Âûáåðåì R­ô­=160 Îì.     

  ¨ìêîñòü Ñ­á2­ äîëæíà óäîâëåòâîðÿòü íåðàâåíñòâó: . Âûáåðåì Ñ­á2­=100íÔ. Îïðåäåëèì èíäóêòèâíîñòü êîíòóðíîé êàòóøêè èç âûðàæåíèÿ:

. Âûáåðåì 150 ìêÃí.

Âû÷èñëèì ïàðàìåòðû ýêâèâàëåíòíîé ñõåìû êàñêàäà:

G­1­=g­âûõ­­+g­12­+g­cõ­=4,5+3+0=7,5ìêÑèì­ è G­2­=g­âõ­­+g­cõ­=0,21*10-3+(7500)-1+(3600)-1=0,62 ìêÑèì.

 Ïîñëå ýòîãî ðàññ÷èòàåì ìàêñèìàëüíî âîçìîæíûé êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ êàñêàäà:

<Ê­0óñò­=2,5 –óñëîâèå âûïîëíÿåòñÿ. Òåïåðü ðàññ÷èòàåì êîýôôèöèåíòû âêëþ÷åíèÿ:

.

.   

Ïðîâåðèì íåîáõîäèìîå îñëàáëåíèå çåðêàëüíîãî êàíàëà:

»68,6äÁ.

       Íà ýòîì ðàñ÷¸ò ÓÐ× ýàêîí÷èì.

                                2. Ðàñ÷¸ò âõîäíîé öåïè ñ âíåøíå¸ìêîñòíîé ñâÿçüþ.

   Ðàññ÷èòûâàåìàÿ ñõåìà ïðåäñòàâëåíà íà ðèñ.3. Äëÿ íà÷àëà îïðåäåëèì âåëè÷èíó ¸ìêîñòè ñâÿçè Ñ­ñâ­. Îò å¸ âåëè÷èíû çàâèñèò âëèÿíèå àíòåííîé öåïè íà âõîäíîé êîíòóð. Ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì ýòîé ¸ìêîñòè çà ñ÷¸ò áîëüøîãî âëèÿíèÿ öåïè àíòåííû ðàñøèðÿåòñÿ ïîëîñà ïðîïóñêàíèÿ âõîäíîé öåïè, óõóäøàåòñÿ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü è èçìåíÿåòñÿ íàñòðîéêà êîíòóðà. Ìàëàÿ ¸ìêîñòü ñâÿçè âûçûâàåò óìåíüøåíèå êîýôôèöèåíòà ïåðåäà÷è âõîäíîé öåïè. Ñ ó÷¸òîì ðàíåå ñêàçàííîãî íà Ê äèàïàçîíå Ñ­ñâ­=10..20ïÔ.

1.Âûáåðåì Ñ­ñâ­=15ïÔ.

2. Ðàññ÷èòàåì ¸ìêîñòü êîíòóðà ñ ó÷¸òîì âëèÿíèÿ àíòåííû ñ  ó÷¸òîì òîãî, ÷òî

 ðàçáðîñ Ñ­ê ìàêñ­¸Ñ­ê ìèí­= (8¸200)ïÔ: .

3. Äàëåå îïðåäåëèì èíäóêòèâíîñòü êàòóøêè êîíòóðà ïî ôîðìóëå: . Âûáåðåì L=43 ìêÃí.

4. Ïðèíÿâ ýêâèâàëåíòíóþ äîáðîòíîñòü êîíòóðà Q­ý­=40 íàéä¸ì íåîáõîäèìóþ âåëè÷èíó ñîáñòâåííîé äîáðîòíîñòè êîíòóðà: Q­ê­=(1,2¸1,25)*Q­ý­= (1,2¸1,25)*40=48¸50.

5.Âû÷èñëèì ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ïîòåðü êîíòóðà äëÿ ýòîãî ðàññ÷èòàåì õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå êîíòóðà:

     . Îòñþäà âû÷èñëèì ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ïîòåðü:

6. Êîýôôèöèåíò ïåðåäà÷è âõîäíîé öåïè ïðè êîýôôèöèåíòå âêëþ÷åíèÿ m=1:

.

7.Ðàññ÷èòàåì  ýêâèâàëåíòíóþ ïðîâîäèìîñòü:

    G­ý­=G­0­+G­âí­=G­0­+0,2*(G­A­+G­âõ­)=0,83+0,2*083=0,25 ìÑèì.

8.Ðàññ÷èòàåì êîýôôèöèåíò âêëþ÷åíèÿ  m =(1-Qý ìàõ/Qê)Râõ ìàõ*Ñý ìin*fñ ìàõ/159/Qý ìàõ =

   =(1-40/50)25000*100*10-12*2.182*106/159*40 = 0.2, ãäå R­âõ­=25êÎì (äëÿ 1Ò310À).

9. Òîãäà  êîýôôèöèåíò ïåðåäà÷è âõîäíîé öåïè ïðè m=0.2 áóäåò ðàâåí:         

   , ÷òî áîëüøå, ÷åì â ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîì ðàñ÷¸òå.   

10.Ïðîâåðèì îñëàáëåíèå ïî ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòå:

   

11.Íàéä¸ì êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ ïðåñåëåêòîðà:  Ê­ïðåñ­=Ê­âö­­­Ê2­óð÷­=6*1,822­­=19,8.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                        C­ñâ      


                                    Ñ­ï­                       L      


          Ðèñ 3. Âõîäíàÿ öåïü ñ âíåøíå¸ìêîñòíîé ñâÿçüþ ñ àíòåííîé.

                                    3.Ðàñ÷¸ò óñèëèòåëÿ  ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòû .

      Âûïèøåì äàííûå  ïàðàìåòðîâ òðàíçèñòîðà íà ïðîìåæóòî÷íîé ÷àñòîòå f­ïð­:

U­ê­=-5Â, I­ê­=1ìÀ, S­0­=Y­21­=26ìÀ, g­12­=4,5ìêÑèì ,g­âõ­=0,21ìÑèì, g­âûõ­=4,5ìêÑèì, Ñ­âõ­=21ïÔ, Ñ­âûõ­=11,8ïÔ, Ñ­ê­=5ïÔ, I­ê0­=5ìêÀ, N­ò­=9,5. Áóäåì ïîëàãàòü, ÷òî ìîíòàæíûå ¸ìêîñòè öåïè êîëëåêòîðà è áàçû, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî Ñ­ì1­=Ñ­ì2­=10ïÔ, ðàâíûìè. Ðàíåå áûëà ïðèíÿòà ñõåìà ñ îáùèì ýìèòòåðîì ïðè íàãðóçêå èç äâóõ ñâÿçàííûõ êîíòóðîâ ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíîé ñâÿçè. Ïîëîæèì g=1.5, DU­Rô­=2Â è  DÒ=80°Ñ, òîãäà ðàñ÷¸ò ýëåìåíòîâ ñõåìû ïèòàíèÿ ÓÏ× òàêîé æå, êàê è â ÓÐ×. Òîãäà:

. Âûáåðåì ­R­1=270 Îì.

. Âûáåðåì R­3­=1 êÎì.

.Âûáåðåì R2=160Îì

     Òåïåðü ïðîèçâåä¸ì ðàñ÷¸ò Ñ­1­, R­ô­ è Ñ­ô­ ­:

(âûáèðàåì 200íÔ).

 (âûáèðàåì 200Îì).

(âûáåðåì 100íÔ).

  Ñîãëàñíî ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîìó ðàñ÷¸òó Ê­îïð­=1032=60,2äÁ. Ïîäñòàâèì  ýòó âåëè÷èíó â ôîðìóëó ðàñ÷¸òà íåîáõîäèìîãî óñèëåíèÿ êàñêàäà: =20äÁ.

Ïðè òð¸õ êàñêàäàõ ÓÏ× ýêâèâàëåíòíîå çàòóõàíèå êîíòóðîâ äîëæíî áûòü:

1. Ïîëîæèâ çíà÷åíèå âîçìîæíîãî îòíîñèòåëüíîãî èçìåíåíèÿ âõîäíîé è  âûõîäíîé  ¸ìêîñòè òðàíçèñòîðà b=0.1 îïðåäåëèì ìèíèìàëüíî äîïóñòèìîå îòíîøåíèå ýêâèâàëåíòíîé ¸ìêîñòè êîíòóðà êàñêàäà ê ¸ìêîñòè, âíîñèìîé â êîíòóð òðàíçèñòîðàìè:

   .  Ïðåäåëüíîå çàòóõàíèå êîíòóðîâ îïðåäåëèì ïî ôîðìóëå:

. Íàõîäèì  êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ êàñêàäà, ó÷èòûâàÿ ÷òî ïðè òð¸õ êàñêàäàõ h­ìàêñ­=1,63, ïî ôîðìóëå:

, ÷òî ñóùåñòâåííî ïðåâûøàåò òðåáóåìóþ âåëè÷èíó.

Ïîëàãàÿ ð­1­=1 îïðåäåëèì ýêâèâàëåíòíóþ ¸ìêîñòü êîíòóðà è åãî èíäóêòèâíîñòü:

,

. Äàëåå îïðåäåëÿåì êîýô-

ôèöèåíòû âêëþ÷åíèÿ êîíòóðîâ: ð1­=1, ò.ê. L>L­min­=250ìêÃí, òîãäà íàäî ðàññ÷èòàòü òîëüêî ð­2­:

. Íà ýòîì ðàñ÷¸ò ÓÏ× çàêîí÷èì.

           

4.Ðàñ÷¸ò ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ ÷àñòîòû ñ ïüåçîìåõàíè÷åñêèì  ôèëüòðîì         

                                          ÏÔ1Ï-4-3 è îòäåëüíûì ãåòåðîäèíîì.

                                                                                                            +  -          

                                                                                                             Å­ï­  

 
                                                                               R­ô­                                 

                                    R­1­                 Ñ­­ô­­                 ­L­4 ­        L­5­     

                                                            Ñ­2                                       ÏÔ1Ï-4-3                 f­ïð


                        Ñ­1­                      VT1  

           


                                    R­2­                      R­3

                                                            C­3­       


                                                                                                           

+   -                                                                                 Å­­­ï­

               îò ãåòåðîäèíà

 

             Ðèñ.4 Ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëü ÷àñòîòû ñ îòäåëüíûì ãåòåðîäèíîì.         

     äàííîì ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëå ðàññ÷èòàåì òîëüêî ñìåñèòåëüíóþ ÷àñòü.

1.Îïðåäåëÿåì ïàðàìåòðû òðàíçèñòîðà â ðåæèìå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ÷àñòîòû:

       S­ïð­=0,3S­max=0,3*30=10 ìÀ/Â;

       R­âõ.ïð­=2R­11­=0,2*1500=300 Îì;

       R­âûõ.ïð­=2R­22­=2*200*10­­3=400 êÎì;

       Ñ­âûõ.ïð­=Ñ­22­=8 ïÔ; Ñ­âõ.ïð­=Ñ­11­=70 ïÔ.

2.Ñîãëàñîâàíèå òðàíçèñòîðà ñìåñèòåëÿ ñ ôèëüòðîì îñóùåñòâëÿåì ÷åðåç øèðîêîïîëîñíûé êîíòóð. Îïðåäåëèì êîýôôèöèåíò øóíòèðîâàíèÿ êîíòóðà âõîäíûì ñîïðîòèâëåíèåì ôèëüòðà è âûõîäíûì ñîïðîòèâëåíèåì òðàíçèñòîðà, äîïóñòèìûé èç óñëîâèé îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ñîãëàñîâàíèÿ:

.

3.Îïðåäåëèì êîíñòðóêòèâíîå è ýêâèâàëåíòíîå çàòóõàíèå øèðîêîïîëîñíîãî êîíòóðà:

, ãäå Q­ýø­=20 –äîáðîòíîñòü øèðîêîïîëîñíîãî êîíòóðà.

4.Îïðåäåëÿåì õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå êîíòóðà, ïðèíèìàÿ êîýôôèöèåíò âêëþ÷åíèÿ â öåïè êîëëåêòîðà m­1­=1:

5.Îïðåäåëèì êîýôôèöèåíò âêëþ÷åíèÿ êîíòóðà ñî ñòîðîíû ôèëüòðà:

.

6.Ýêâèâàëåíòíàÿ ¸ìêîñòü ñõåìû: .

7.¨ìêîñòü êîíòóðà: Ñ­2­=Ñ­ý­-Ñ­âûõ.ïð­=174-70=104 ïÔ. Âûáåðåì Ñ­2­=100 ïÔ.

8.Îïðåäåëèì äåéñòâèòåëüíóþ ýêâèâàëåíòíóþ ¸ìêîñòü ñõåìû:

 C­ý­’=Ñ­2­+Ñ­âûõ.ïð­=100+70=170 ïÔ.

9.Èíäóêòèâíîñòü êîíòóðà: .

10.Äåñòâèòåëüíîå õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå:

.

11.Ðåçîíàíñíûé êîýôôèöèåíò óñèëåíèÿ ïðåîáðàçîâàòåëÿ:

.

12.Èíäóêòèâíîñòü êàòóøêè ñâÿçè ñ ôèëüòðîì, ïðèíÿâ k­ñâ­=0,5:

.

13.Ðàññ÷èòàåì Ñ­2­: .

14.Ðàññ÷èòàåì Ñ­1­: .


                                                      3.Ðàñ÷¸ò àìïëèòóäíîãî äåòåêòîðà.


                                                L      L                                                                             C3  

                                                                  C4                       VT2                            

                           C5                                       

                                                                                                                                 C­í­          

       VT1                     

                             C6                                                                                                              R­ÂÕ    

                                                                                                Ñ1                                           ÓÏ×


                                                         R2

                                                      R4           R1                                                     R3                                                               


                                                    +

                                                       E­Ï­                                                                                                

                                                     -

                           

    

 äåòåêòîðå èñïîëüçóåì òîò æå òðàíçèñòîð, ÷òî è â ÓÏ×.

1.Îïðåäåëèì R­í­ èç óñëîâèÿ ìàëîãî øóíòèðîâàíèÿ ñëåäóþùåãî êàñêàäà:

 R­í­=(5..10) R­âõí­=(5..10) êÎì.Þ G­í­=0,2ìÑì.

2.Ðàññ÷èòàåì êðóòèçíó äåòåêòîðà: .

3.Íàéä¸ì ýêâèâàëåíòíîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå íàãðóçêè ïî ïåðåìåííîìó òîêó:

  , ãäå DU­k­=4Â, DI­k­=1ìÀ ïðè U­áý­=const.

­

ÞR­í~­=1,1êÎì.

4.Îïðåäåëèì êîýôôèöèåíò ïåðåäà÷è: .

5.Îïðåäåëÿåì ¸ìêîñòü íàãðóçêè: .

6.Îïðåäåëèì ¸ìêîñòü Ñ3:

7.Ðàññ÷èòàåì ýëåìåíòû öåïè ïèòàíèÿ. Äëÿ ýòîãî íàéä¸ì I­äåë­­=(50..100)I­ê0­=(50..100)*20*10-6=2 ìÀ.

    è  .

8.Âû÷èñëèì ¸ìêîñòü Ñ1: .

9.Íàéä¸ì âõîäíîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå: R­âõ­=10r­11­=10*300=3 êÎì è Ñ­âõ­=Ñ­11­/10=5/10=0,5ïÔ.

10. Ðàññ÷èòàåì êîýôôèöèåíò âêëþ÷åíèÿ: . Ïðèìåì m­2­=1.

11.Âû÷èñëèì íàïðÿæåíèå íà âõîäå ÓÍ×: U­âõ óí÷­=U­mä­Ê­ä­m­2­=0.4*9*1=3.6Â.

     Íà ýòîì ðàñ÷¸ò àìïëèòóäíîãî äåòåêòîðà çàêîí÷èì.

                               

                                                                                                                                                -Å­0          


.

 

 


      U­âûõ                                                                                                                                                                                

 


                                                                                 R3                  C3  

 


                                                  R1                                                  

             R4                                                     R2                         VT2                                     C­câ

             

                                           R4  

 


                                                                   C2

          C1

                               R5                                         R6                                 R7                            R8               

 


                                                                                      +E­0

                Ðèñ. 7. Ïðèíöèïèàëüíàÿ ñõåìà ÀÐÓ òðàíçèñòîðíîãî ïðè¸ìíèêà.

 Â ýòîì ðàñ÷¸òå ïðèìåíèì òðàíçèñòîð òèïà 1Ò322À.  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ òðåáóåìîé òðåáóåìîé ãëóáèíîé ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ áóäåì èìåòü: 3.

Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî U­ðìàêñ­=0,5 è U­mâûõìèí­= U­âûõÓÏ×­=1Â, îïðåäåëèì òðåáîâàíèÿ ê óñèëåíèþ â öåïè ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ:  .  Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïîñòàâëåííûå ê ñèñòåìå ÀÐÓ òðåáîâàíèÿ ìîæíî óäîâëåòâîðèòü áåç äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî óñèëåíèÿ, ïîëàãàÿ, ÷òî êîýôôèöèåíò ïåðåäà÷è äåòåêòîð-ÀÐÓ äîëæåí áûòü Ê­ä­³0,8.

   Ïðèìåì ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ R­4­=680Îì è R­1­=3.5êÎì. Òîãäà äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ èñõîäíîãî ñìåùåíèÿ íà áàçàõ ðåãóëèðóåìûõ òðàíçèñòîðîâ íàéä¸ì ñèëó òîêà I­ï1­, ïðîòåêàþùåãî ÷åðåç ñîïðîòèâëåíèå R­4­:        

           . Ïðèíÿâ U­R5­=0 è ÷èñëî ðåãóëèðóåìûõ êàñêàäîâ n=3 íàéä¸ì R­2­:

. Âûáåðåì R­2­=4.7 êÎì.   

    Ñîïðîòèâëåíèå íàãðóçêè äåòåêòîðà ÀÐÓ  R­3­ âû÷èñëèì íà îñíîâàíèè òðåáóåìîãî êîýôôèöèåíòà ïåðåäà÷è äåòåêòîðà (Ê­ä­³0,8), ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî âû÷èñëèâ âñïîìîãàòåëüíûé êîýôôèöèåíò q:  òîãäà .

Âûáåðåì R­3­=510 Îì, ïðè ýòîì íåîáõîäèìîå óñëîâèå R­3­£0,2*(R1+R2+R4)=0.2*(3.5+0.68+4.7)=1,78.

 Äëÿ îïðåäåëåíèÿ ýëåìåíòîâ ñõåìû çàäåðæêè çàäàäèìñÿ  R­8­=2 êÎì è íàéä¸ì:

.

     Ïðèìåíèì îäíîçâåííóþ ñòðóêòóðó ôèëüòðà ÀÐÓ, ïðè ýòîì ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ôèëüòðà áóäåò R­2­. Ïîñòîÿííóþ âðåìåíè ôèëüòðà ÀÐÓ ïðè ïîìîùè ñëåäóþùåãî âûðàæåíèÿ, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî âû÷èñëèâ ïàðàìåòð Ì:

  Ïðè çàäàííîé äëèòåëüíîñòè ïåðåõîäíîãî ïðîöåññà t­ÀÐÓ­=0,5ñ ïîëó÷èì:

 . ¨ìêîñòü ôèëüòðà äîëæíà áûòü:  . Âûáåðåì Ñ­2=1,5 ìêÔ. ×òîáû îáåñïå÷èòü ðåàëèçàöèþ îäíîçâåííîé ñòðóêòóðû ôèëüòðà ÀÐÓ, ïîñòîÿííàÿ âðåìåíè íàãðóçêè äåòåêòîðà äîëæíà áûòü:

R­3­C­3­£0.1R­2­C­2­, òîãäà: . Âûáåðåì Ñ­3­=1,5ìêÔ.

Íà ýòîì ðàñ÷¸ò êóðñîâîãî ïðîåêòà çàêîí÷èì.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                &                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        +1                                                                                                                                                                                                         C1                           &                                                                                  Q1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         +1            Q1         -1                                               

        R1                                     R2                                                                                                                                                                                   Q2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Q3                            Q2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         -1            Q4                                                

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        D1                                                                                                                                                                                   &                                                    &              D1                                           D2              Q3                                                                                                            &                                                                                                         D2                                           D3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D3              P­+­         D4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           D4             P­-­                                           Q4                                                          

         R3                                     R4        C2                                                R5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                S                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              S                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  C3                                                                                                                                                                                                            D1                B/U                   

                         VT                                                                        L                                                                                                 S                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        D2                                                      Êà               Ñ4                           Ñ5                                                                                                S                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      D3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4                     D4                                                                      R7                                                                                                                                                      R                                                                                                         

            R6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          R                                                                                                                                  R8                                           R9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             +E                                    S           Q                                R                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             C                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         1                  D                                             R                                                                                                                                      Ç      Р                                                                                                                         R       Q                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçóåìîé ëèòåðàòóðû:

1.Áîáðîâ Í.Â., Ìàêñèìîâ Ã.Â., Ìè÷óðèí Â.È., Íèêîëàåâ Ä.Ï. «Ðàñ÷¸ò ðàäèîïðè¸ìíèêîâ». Ì.1971ã

2.Ïàâëîâ Ê.Ì., Åêèìîâ Â.Ä. «Ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå ðàäèîïðè¸ìíûõ óñòðîéñòâ».  Èç-âî «Ñâÿçü»-1970ã.

3.Ïîä îáùåé  ðåäàêöèåé Ãîðþíîâà Í.Í. «Ñïðàâî÷íèê ïî ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûì äèîäàì, òðàíçèñòîðàì è èíòåãðàëüíûì ìèêðîñõåìàì». Ì. «Ýíåðãèÿ»-1979ã.

4.Êðèíèöèí Â.Â., Ñåðãååâ Â.Ã. «Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå óêàçàíèÿ è çàäàíèÿ ê êóðñîâîìó ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ïî äèñöèïëèíå «Ïðè¸ì î îáðàáîòêà ñèãíàëîâ» äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ IV êóðñà». ÌÃÒÓ ÃÀ-1994ã.


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